Known for its versatility, ruggedness and dependability, tubular heaters can virtually be factory-configured to suit a variety of industrial heating applications. Tubular elements are frequently regarded as the foundation of all heating elements. The basic design consists of a resistance wire/coil precisely centered in a metal sheath. This wire/coil is surrounded by magnesium oxide to provide efficient heat transfer from coil to heating medium. Diameters are varied to give customized design and adjustable watt densities for best performance and long life. Bending radius is carefully chosen so as to give optimum performance. Tubular heating elements perform heat transfer by all three modes (conduction, convection and radiation). They are available in both single ended and double ended designs.